Acronyms and abbreviations

AAR

after-action review

AI

artificial intelligence

AEO

authorized economic operator

APEC

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

BBC

British Broadcasting Corporation

BCI

Business Continuity Institute

BCM

business continuity management

BCOs

beneficiary cargo owners

BCP

business continuity plan

BIA

business impact analysis

BIMCO

Baltic & International Maritime Council

BPA

British Ports Association

CFT

cross-functional team

CISG

United Nations Convention on the Internal Sale of Goods

CMS

contract management software

CPFR

Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment

CRC

Cyber-Resilience Centre

DCSA

Digital Container Shipping Association

DoS

denial of service

ERCC

Emergency Response Coordination Centre

ERDS

Extreme rainfall detection system

ERM

Enterprise Risk Management

FIRMS

Fire Information for Resource Management System

GDACS

Global Disaster Alerting and Coordination System

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GPG

Good Practice Guidelines

GPHA

Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority

GRC

Governance, Risk and Compliance

GSCPI

Global Supply Chain Pressure Index

HR

Human resources

HS

Horizon Scanning

IACS

International Association for Classification Societies

ICDs

Inland Container Depots

IMO

International Maritime Organization

ISM

International Safety Management Code

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

ISPS

International Ship and Port Facility Security Code

JICA

Japan International Cooperation Agency

KRI

key risk indicators

KPI

key performance indicators

LDC

least developed country

LLDC

landlocked developing country

LSCI

Liner Shipping Connectivity Index

MDST

MDS Transmodal

MMI

Modified Mercalli intensity scale

MTPD

maximum tolerance periods of disruption

NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NFPA

National Fire Protection Association

NGO

non-governmental organization

NIST

National Institute of Standards and Technology

PCS

Port Community System

PEMA

Port Equipment Manufacturers Association

RACI

responsible, accountable, consulted and informed

RMIS

risk management information system

RPO

recovery point objective

RPN

Risk priority numbering

RTO

recovery time objective

RPP

risk response plan

SIDS

small island developing States

SCRM

Supply Chain Risk Management

SLAs

service-level agreements

STS

ship-to-shore

TEU

twenty-foot equivalent unit

TtR

time to recovery

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNECA

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

UNECE

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

UNECLAC

United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

UNEP

United Nations Environment Programme

UNESCAP

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

UNESCWA

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for West Asia

VaR

value-at-risk

VPN

virtual private networks

VUCA

volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity

WCO

World Customs Organization