Lessons can be drawn from past events, such as pandemics earthquakes, tsunamis, weather events, floods, accidents, oil spills, fire, storm surges, labour strikes, social unrest, economic disruptions, security incidents, cybersecurity breaches, blockage of maritime passages (e.g. canals), congestion, low water levels and high water levels, etc. This section will identify best practices and potential lessons to be learnt through selected case studies in port disruption, and will do so by focusing on the nature of the event, its causes and impacts and the response provided.